网上有关“四年级英语节手抄报”话题很是火热,小编也是针对四年级英语节手抄报寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析,如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题,希望能够帮助到您。
做英语手抄报可以提高学生英语学习积极性、增强英语教学效果、提高学生英语交际能力的目的相辅相成。下面是我为大家带来的,希望大家喜欢。
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的资料四年级英语日记
The weather of today is very fortable, though the weather forecast said it is cloudy, but just a little bit rain, very cool.
The weather forecast said it is cloudy, and friends about to play basketball, but unfortunately, in the rain can play. Afternoon after the rain stopped to help my mother to buy food supermarket. Generally bad mood today.
译文:
今天天气很舒适,虽然天气预报说今天是阴天,可是下了点小雨,很凉爽。
天气预报说今天是阴天,本来都和朋友们约好要去打篮球的,可是很遗憾,在下雨没法去玩。下午雨停了之后有去超市帮妈妈买菜。总的来说今天心情不算太坏。
四年级英语短语
1.in Class One,Grade One 在一年级一班
2.play ball games 进行球类活动
3.read books 读书
4.in summer 在夏季
5.have one's class 上课
6.on the playground 在操场上
7.every day 每天
8.the first class 第一节课
9.be interested in 对…感兴趣
10.his friend 他的朋友
11.go to the zoo 去动物园
12.collet stamps 集邮
13.make model cars 制作汽车模型
14.take pictures 照相
15.grow roses 种植玫瑰
四年级上册简单手抄报大全_四年级手抄报
英语手抄报四年级五单元可以从以下六个方面进行编写:
1、单元主题介绍:首先,可以介绍四年级五单元的主题,例如,主题是关于“动物”的。可以用生动的语言和来引导读者进入这个主题。
2、重点词汇和句型展示:选取单元中的重点词汇和句型,比如“猫(cat)”,“狗(dog)”,“我喜欢动物(I like animals)”等,并用创意的方式,如插画、卡片等进行展示。
3、对话或短文展示:选取单元中的一段对话或短文,用手抄报的形式呈现出来。可以用不同的色彩和字体进行美化,使之更加生动有趣。
4、文化知识拓展:介绍一些与主题相关的文化知识,比如中外动物寓言故事等。这可以丰富学生的知识,也增加手抄报的趣味性。
5、互动环节:设计一些与主题相关的互动环节,如简单的单词游戏、填色游戏等,让读者参与到学习中来,提高读者的学习兴趣。
6、总结与反思:在最后,可以对本单元的学习内容进行总结,同时也可以引导读者进行反思,思考自己在学习过程中的收获和不足。
英语手抄报的注意事项:
1、主题明确:首先需要确定手抄报的主题,要尽可能选择与自己生活和学习相关的内容,这样更容易理解和表达。
2、内容丰富:手抄报的内容应该丰富多彩,可以包括短文、故事、诗歌、图表、等。在选择内容时,要确保其具有代表性和相关性,能够吸引读者的兴趣。
3、字体工整:手抄报的字体应该工整清晰,易于阅读。可以选择一些常用的英文字体,或者根据自己的喜好进行书写。
4、排版美观:手抄报的排版应该美观大方,可以参考一些报纸和杂志的排版方式,使整个版面看起来舒适和谐。
5、印刷清晰:最后一步是进行印刷,要注意保持印刷的清晰度和整洁度。可以使用一些高质量的纸张和印刷材料,使手抄报看起来更加精美。
我要做一份英语手抄报 谁能帮帮我 ?
手抄报的取材方便,制作原理简单,宣传效果好。所以,很多教师经常布置小学生一些手抄报制作的课外实践活动。下面是我为大家带来的四年级上册简单手抄报及资料,希望大家喜欢。
四年级上册简单手抄报的欣赏 四年级上册简单手抄报图一 四年级上册简单手抄报图二四年级上册简单手抄报图三 四年级上册简单手抄报图四 四年级上册简单手抄报图五 四年级上册简单手抄报图六 四年级上册简单手抄报的资料一:猜谜语
借钱不还打一成语 —— 谜底: 有去无回
什么布最有名? —— 谜底: 松臧干布
长得黄黄的,吃起来甜甜的,喜欢躺在土里,大家煮粥都用它打一植物—— 谜底: 南瓜
卖的打一英文单词 —— 谜底: mind精神、智力、头脑、愿望
搜查花匠老头家后院打香港名胜景点 —— 谜底: 动植物公园
*** 丝想娶白富美打一四字成语 —— 谜底: 好高骛远
散打选手打一字 —— 谜底: 撒
独坐八卦阵,谁来把网投打一动物 —— 谜底: 蜘蛛
四年级上册简单手抄报的资料二:谐音歇后语积累1 堂屋里挂兽皮————不像话画;不成话画
2 堂屋里挂狗皮————那是什么话画
3 唐山的火车————倒霉煤
4 炭火盆扛肩上————恼脑火
5 坛子里的咸菜————有言盐在先
6 瘫子不出门————作坐家
7 太湖的虾子————白忙芒
8 塌锅干饭————闷焖起来了
9 唢呐里吹出笛子调————想响不到一块;想响的不一样
10 孙悟空进了八卦炉————越练炼越结实
四年级上册简单手抄报的资料三:小故事大道理动物园内,湖边站着一只鹭鸟,游人经过时,顺手扔给它一小块吃剩的面包。
然而,鹭鸟并没有吃掉面包,而是将它叼起来,放进近前的湖水里,然后,站在岸边瞅著。
这时,一条小鱼向面包游来。可是,还没等小鱼张嘴,鹭鸟的长喙便迅速张开,将其啄进嘴里。
吞下小鱼之后,鹭鸟继续守在岸边,等待其他上钩的小鱼。然而,这次等来的鱼太大,超出了它的吞咽能力。所以,还没等这条大鱼靠近面包,鹭鸟就把面包叼了起来,含在嘴里。大鱼见食物不见了,只好悻悻地游走了。
见大鱼远去,鹭鸟将含在嘴里的面包又吐到水中,继续等待猎物。
不大工夫,竟接二连三地诱捕到多条小鱼。
游人看得目瞪口呆:
小小鹭鸟竟然如此聪明,它看到的不仅仅是一块面包,而是懂得用这块小小的面包博取更大的利益。
谁有四年级关于动物的手抄报?拜托各位了 3Q
下面选选吧:
Q: What's the difference between a monkey and a flea?
A: A monkey can have fleas, but a flea can't have monkeys.
猴子会和跳蚤有什么不同呢?你可能会直接的想到它们俩是一大一小。但除此之外呢,那就是猴子身上可以长跳蚤,而跳蚤身上却不能有猴子。这个答案很有意思吧?
Q: How can you most irritate a farmer?
A: By treading on his corn?
如果你踩了农夫的玉米或是谷物,他肯定会生气的;而如果你踩了农夫脚底的鸡眼,他会更生气。Corn既可以表示“玉米/谷物”,也有“鸡眼”的意思。
Q: Which is the strongest creature in the world?
A: The snail. It carries its house on its back.
因为snail(蜗牛)的后背上总是背着一所房子,所以说蜗牛是世界上最强壮的生物是不足为奇的。你说呢?
Q: What do people do in a clock factory?
A: They make faces all day.
一看到make faces这个短语,你可千万别以为是在钟表厂工作的人整天都做鬼脸呀!因为除了这个意思以外,它还可以从字面上解释为制造钟面。
Q: How do you stop a sleepwalker from walking in his sleep?
A: Keep him awake.
怎样才能不让梦游者(sleepwalker)梦游(walk in his sleep)呢?最简单的方法就是不让他睡觉。虽然这不是治疗方法,但如果让梦游者醒着呢,他的确就不会去梦游了。
He is really somebody
-- My uncle has 1000 men under him.
-- He is really somebody. What does he do?
-- A maintenance man in a cemetery.
他真是一个大人物
-- 我叔叔下面有1000个人。
-- 他真是一个大人物。干什么的?
-- 墓地守墓人。
Not long after an old Chinese woman came back to China from her visit to her daughter in the States, she went to a city bank to deposit the US dollars her daughter gave her. At the bank counter, the clerk checked each note carefully to see if the money was real. It made the old lady out of patience.
At last she could not hold any more, uttering. "Trust me, Sir, and trust the money. They are real US dollars. They are directly from America."
它们是从美国直接带来的
一位中国老妇人在美国看望女儿回来不久,到一家市银行存女儿送给她的美元。在银行柜台,银行职员认真检查了每一张钞票,看是否有假。
这种做法让老妇人很不耐烦,最后实在忍耐不住说:“相信我,先生,也请你相信这些钞票。这都是真正的美元,它们是从美国直接带来的。”
Mrs. Brown: Oh, my dear, I have lost my precious little dog!
Mrs. Smith: But you must put an advertisement in the papers!
Mrs. Brown: It's no use, my little dog can't read.
我的狗不识字
布朗夫人:哦,
亲爱的,我把珍爱的小狗给丢了!
史密斯夫人:可是你该在报纸上登广告啊!
布朗夫人:没有用的,我的小狗不认识字。”
Bring me the winner
-- Waiter, this lobster has only one claw.
-- I'm sorry, sir. It must have been in a fight.
-- Well, bring me the winner then.
给我那个打赢的吧
-- 服务员,
这个龙虾只有一只爪。
-- 对不起,先生,这只肯定打过架了。
-- 哦, 那给我那个打赢的吧。
The mean man's party.
The notorious cheap skate finally decided to have a party. Explaining to a friend how to find his apartment, he said, "Come up to 5M and ring the doorbell with your elbow. When the door open, push with your foot."
"Why use my elbow and foot?"
"Well, gosh," was the reply, "You're not coming empty-hangded, are you?"
吝啬鬼请客
一个出了名的吝啬鬼终于决定要请一次客了。他在向一个朋友解释怎么找到他家时说:“你上到五楼,找中间那个门,然后用你的胳膊肘按门铃。门开了之后,再用你的脚把门推开。”
“为什么要用我的肘和脚呢?”
“你的双手得拿礼物啊。天哪,你总不会空着手来吧?”吝啬鬼回答。
Advice for "Kid"
A bit of advice for those about to retire. If you are only 65, never move to a retirement community. Everybody else is n their 70s, 80s, or 90s. So when something has to be moved, lifted or loaded, they yell,"Get the kid."
忠告“年轻者”
这里想对将要退休者提一点忠告。如果你只有65岁的话,
千万别进退休社区。因为那里人人都七八十岁或者八九十岁了。每当要搬东西,抬东西或者装东西时,他们就叫喊,“让小的干吧。”
Which woman?
One evening I drove my husband's car to the shopping mall.
On my return, I noticed that how dusty the outside of his car was and cleaned it up a bit.When I finally entered the house, I called out."The woman who loves you the
most in the world just cleaned your headlights and windshield."
My husband looked up and said, "Mom's here?"
哪一位女人?
一天晚上我开着丈夫的车去购物,
回来后发现车身沾满灰尘,于是擦洗了一阵。当我终于走进屋里时大声喊:“世界上最爱你的女人刚擦洗了你的车灯和挡风玻璃。”
我丈夫抬头看了看,说:“妈妈来了?”
The doctor lives downstairs
"Doctor," she said loudly, bouncing into the room, "I want you to say frankly what's wrong with me."
He surveyed her from head to foot. "Madam," he said at length, "I've just three things to tell you. First, your weight wants reducing by nearly fifty pounds. Second, your beauty could be improved if you used about one tenth as much rouge and lipstick. And third, I'm an artist---the doctor lives downstairs."
医生住在楼下
“医生”她冲进屋后大声说道。
“我想让你坦率地说我到底得了什么病。”
他从头到脚打量打量她,然后大声说:“太太,我有三件事要对你说。第一,您的体重需要减少大约50磅;第二,如果您要用上十分之一的胭脂和口红,您的美貌将会改变。第三,我是一位画家——医生住在楼下。”
One Engine Left
A 747 was halfway across the Atlantic when the captain got on the loud speaker, "Attention, passengers. We have lost one of our engines, but we can certainly reach London with the three we have left. Unfortunately, we will arrive an hour late as a r
esult."
Shortly thereafter, the passengers heard the captain's voice again, "Guess what, folks. We just lost our third engine, but please be assured we can fly with only one. We will now arrive in London three hours late."
At this point, one passenger became furious. "For Pete's sake," he shouted, "If we lose another engine, we'll be up here all night!"
只剩一个引擎
一架747客机正在跨越大西洋时,喇叭里传来了机长的声音:“旅客们请注意,我们的四个引擎中有一个丢失了。但剩下的三个引擎会把我们带到伦敦的。只是我们要因此晚到一小时 。” 过了一会儿,旅客们又听到机长的声音:“各位,你们猜怎么啦 ?我们刚又掉了第三个引擎。但请你们相信好了。只有一个引擎我们也能飞,但要晚三个小时了。” 正在这时,一位乘客非常气愤地说:“看在上帝的份上,如果我们再掉一个引擎,我们就要整夜都要呆在天上了。”
Logic Reasoning
A fourth-grade teacher was giving her pupils a lesson on logic.
"Here is the situation," she said. "a man is standing up in a boat in the middle of a river, fishing. He loses his balance, falls in, and begins splashing and yellin
g for help. His wife hears the commotion, knows that he can't swim, and runs down to the bank. Why do you think she ran to the bank?"
A girl raised her hand and asked, "to draw out all of his savings?"
逻辑推理
小学四年级的教师正在给学生们上一堂逻辑课。她举了这么一个例子:“有这样一种情况,一个男人在河中心的船上钓鱼,突然失去重心掉进了水里。于是他开始挣扎并喊救命。他的妻子听到了他的喊声,知道他并不会游泳,所以她就急忙跑向河岸。谁能告诉我这是为什么?” 一个女生举手答道,“是不是去取他的存款?”
[注]bank在英语中除了我们平时很熟悉的“银行”之外,还有“河岸”的意思。
The preacher was vexed because a certain member of his congregation always fell asleep during the sermon.
As the man was snoring in the front row one Sunday, the preacher determined he would teach him not to sleep during the sermon. So, in a whisper, he asked the congreg
ation. "All who want to go to heaven,please rise." Everyone got up except the snorer. After whispering "Be seated", the minister shouted at the top of his voiced, "All those who want to be with the devil, please rise."
Awaking with a start, the sleepy-head jumped to his feet and saw the preacher standing tall and angry in the pulpit, "Well, sir," he said, "I don't know what we're voting on, but it looks like you and me are the only ones for it."
瞌睡者
牧师非常生气,因为总有一个人在他说教时打瞌睡。一个星期天,正当坐在前排的那个人又在瞌睡时,牧师决定要好好教育他一下,让他不要再在布道时睡觉。于是他低声对信徒们说:“想去天堂的人,都请站起来吧。”所有的人都站了起来——当然,除了那个打瞌睡的人。在低声说过请坐后,牧师高声喊道:“想去下地狱的人请站起来!”打瞌睡的人被这突然的喊叫声惊醒了,他站了起来。看到牧师高站在教坛上,正生气的看着他。这个人说道:“噢,先生,我不知道我们在选什么,但看上去只有你和我是候选人。”
THE SCHOOL HEALTH FORMS had been distributed to the students with an error---the word "Sex" had been spelled with an "o". One mother, filling out the form for her son, wrote in the blank next to "Sox": "Usually brown."
某学校发给学生的健康调查表里有个错别字——把“性别”的“性”字写成了“袜”字。一位母亲在为她的儿子填写表格时,在“袜别”的那栏填上了:“棕色为主。”
[注] 英语中sex(性)与sox(袜)只有一个字母之差。
When the young waitress in the café in Tom's building started waving hello everyday. Tom was flattered, for she was at least 15 years younger than he. One day she waved and beckoned to Tom again. When Tom strolled over, she asked, "Are you single?"
"Why, yes," Tom replied, smiling at her broadly.
"So is my mom," she said. "Would you like to meet her?"
约会
在汤姆工作的大楼里有一个咖啡屋,那儿总有一位**每天都和他打招呼。汤姆有些受宠若惊,因为这位**看上去至少比他年轻15岁。一天她又对汤姆招手并示意汤姆过去。于是汤姆走了过去。她问道,“您现在是单身吗?” “对,是单身,”汤姆满脸堆笑的说。 “我母亲也是,”她说,“您愿不愿意见见她?”
But the teacher cried
The six-year-old John was terribly spoiled . His father knew it, but his grandma doted on him. He hardly left her side. And when he wanted anything, he either cried or threw a temper tantrum. Then came his first day of school, his first day away from his grandmother's loving arms.
When he came home from school his grandma met him at the door.
"Was school all right?" she asked, "Did you get along all right? did you cry?"
"Cry?" John asked. "No, I didn't cry, but the teacher did!"
可是老师哭了
六岁的约翰娇生惯养。他的父亲知道这一点,可他的祖父母仍然宠着他。这孩子几乎寸步不离他的祖母。他想要什么不是哭,就是闹。他第一天上学才离开祖母的怀抱。
约翰放学了,他奶奶在门口接他并问道:“学校怎么样?你过的好吗?哭了没有?”
“哭?”约翰问,“不,我没哭,可老师哭了。”
A Smart Housewife.
A smart housewife was told that there was a kind of stove which would only consume half of the coal she was burning. She was very excited, and said: "That'll be terrific! Since one stove can save half of the coal, if I buy two, no coal will be needed!"
精明的家庭主妇
一位精明的家庭主妇听人说有一种炉子用起来可以比她现在用的炉子省一半的煤。她听了大为兴奋,说:“那太好了!一个炉子可以省一半的煤,那么如果我买两个炉子的话,不就可以把煤全都省下来了吗?”
Only cash and credit cards
When a man called a motel and asked how much they charged for
a room, the clerk told him that the rates depend on room size and number of people.
" Do you take children?" the man asked.
"No, sir," replied the clerk. "Only cash and credit cards."
只算现金和信用卡
一个人打电话给一家汽车旅馆询问房租,旅馆的工作人员回答说 房租的多少取决于房间的大小和住客的人数。
“小孩儿算不算呢?”那人问道。
“不算,先生。”服务员回答,“我们只算现金和信用卡。”
Does the dog know the proverb, too?
The little boy did not like the look of the barking dog.
"It's all right," said a gentleman, "don't be afraid. Don't you know the proverb: Barking dogs don't bite?"
"Ah, yes," answered the little boy. "I know the proverb, but does the dog know the proverb, too?"
狗也知道这个谚语吗?
一个小男孩非常不喜欢狗狂叫的样子。
“没有关系,”一位先生说,“不用害怕,你知道这条谚语吗:‘吠狗不咬人。’”
“啊,我是知道,可是狗也知道吗?”
Where is the father?
Two brothers were looking at some beautiful paintings.
"Look," said the elder brother. "How nice these paintings are!"
"Yes," said the younger, "but in all these paintings there is only the mother and the children. Where is the father?"
The elder brother thought for a moment and then explained, "Obviously he was painting the pictures."
父亲在哪儿?
兄弟俩在看一些漂亮的油画。
“看,”哥哥说,“这些画多漂亮呀!”
“是啊,”弟弟说道,“可是在所有这些画中,只有妈妈和孩子。那爸爸去哪儿了呢?”
哥哥想了会儿,然后解释道:“很明显,他当时正在画这些画呗。”
Do you think it's the light that's attracting them?
Mike and his pregnant wife live on a farm in a rural area in the west of England. No running water, no electricity, etc. One night, Mikes' wife is begins to deliver the baby. The local doctor is there in attendance. "What d'ya want me to do, Doctor?
" "Hold the lantern, Mike. Here it comes!" the doctor delivers the child and holds it up for the proud father to see.
"Mike, you're the proud father of a fine strapping boy." "Saints be praised, I..." Before Mike can finish the Doctor interrupts, "Wait a minute. Hold the lantern, Mike." Soon the doctor delivers the next child. "You've a full set now, Mike. A beautiful baby daughter."
"Thanks be to..."
Again the Doctor cuts in, "Hold the lantern, Mike, Hold the lantern!" Soon the Doctor delivers a third child. The doctor
holds up the baby for Mike's inspection.
"Doctor," asks Mike, "Do you think it's the light that's attracting them?"
The poor husband
"You can't imagine how difficult it is for me to deal with my wife," the man complained to his friend. "She asks me a question, then answers it herself, and after that she explained to me for half an hour why my answer is wrong.
可怜的丈夫
“你根本无法想象和我妻子打交道是多么的难,”一个男人对他的朋友诉苦说,“她问我一个问题,然后自己回答了,过后又花半个小时跟我解释为什么我的答案是错的。”
I Wasn't Asleep
When a group of women got on the car, every seat was already occupied. The conductor noticed a man who seemed to be asleep, and fearing he might miss his stop, he nudged him and said: "Wake up, sir!"
"I wasn't asleep," the man answered.
"Not asleep? But you had your eyes closed."
"I know. I just hate to look at ladies standing up beside me in a crowded car."
我没有睡着
当一群妇女上车之后,车上的座位全都被占满了。售票员注意到一名男子好象是睡着了,他担心这个人会坐过站,就用肘轻轻地碰了碰他,说:“先生,醒醒!”
“我没有睡着。”那个男人回答。
“没睡着?可是你眼睛都闭上了呀?”
“我知道,我只是不愿意看到在拥挤的车上有女士站在我身边而已。”
动物手抄报,一定不能离开动物。主要围绕爱护动物,和介绍动物。比如一些稀有动物和大家了解比较少的动物,有特点的等。还要画与文章相关的图画。 距今约七、八千年前,黄河、长江流域各氏族部落在长期的采集、种植植物和渔猎、驯养动物等实践中,创立了原始社会文化,并形成了若干文化系。在大量的彩陶绘画和陶塑等出土文物中,保存了丰富的直观的动、植物知识。例如:黄河流域中、上游,仰韶文化系半坡文化的奔鹿、飞鸟、游鱼、鸟衔鱼;庙底沟文化的花瓣纹、蟾蜍纹、蜥蜴纹、壁虎纹、陶鹗鼎;马家窑文化的核果纹、豆荚纹、太阳植物纹;黄河下游大汶口文化的花瓣纹、狗 (一种陶制的炊事器具)。长江下游河姆渡文化的禾苗纹、稻穗纹、叶纹、鱼藻纹、猪纹陶器、狗形器等;良渚文化吴江梅埝的蚕纹。长江中游屈家岭文化系天门石家河的长尾鸟、猪、羊、龟、象、鸡、狗、豹、猴、鼠等红陶捏塑的小动物。形态都很生动、逼真。尚书·尧典》记载尧时人们已观察到鸟兽在不同季节中的交尾、繁殖、脱羽、换毛等生理变化。 夏代(公元前21~前16世纪)起,中国开始进入以农立国的奴隶社会,春秋时期流传的《夏时》(即《夏小正》),是一部以动植物的生长、繁殖、行为、习性等为基础,结合天文、历象而制定的指导农事活动的物候历。书中记载了几十种动植物在不同季节气候条件下的生长和繁殖,以及鸟类的迁徙、鱼类的洄游、鹿角脱换、熊类冬眠等周期性生理现象。 商代(公元前16~前11世纪)甲骨文中有不少动植物的名称。考其字形结构:禾、秫、黍、粟皆从 (禾)形;桑、栗、杞、柏从 (木)形;虫、蚕、蛇(它)从 (虫)形;鱼、 从 (鱼)形;鸟、雉、鸡、燕从 (鸟)形;犬、狼从 (犬)形,等等。表明当时人 们已能根据动植物的外形特征,辩认不同种类的动、植物,从而出现最早的分类刍型,例如,植物有禾(草)、木二类(甲骨文的草、竹不分,有时草、木也不分,禾即由木分化而来);动物有虫、鱼、鸟、犬、豕、鹿、马等类。解剖动物和人体是在祭祀杀牲和刑戮等活动中进行的。卜辞中有“它牲”、“它羌”、“它人”的记载,即为明证。它 写作 ,学者研究“ ”(读若拖)有剖腹支解之意,即解剖其腹肠,又解其肢体。甲骨文 (囟)字,其形似头壳,中间的“+”示颅骨缝间有相连的纹理。 象形心脏,中间的两点象血,显示心脏有藏血的功能。甲骨文的“ ”(骨之初文)字写作Z中间的“丿”示骨干,两端的“八”示骨骺等等。这些都在一定程度上反映了当时人们对人体解剖和生理方面的认识。 西周(公元前11世纪至前 771年)还设置了一些官吏,从事动、植物资源调查、辨名物、察地形,别土宜以及农田管理等事项,也积累了不少有关动植物的知识(《周礼·地官·司徒》)。大约成书于春秋中叶的《诗经》,记有黄河流域中、下游和长江以北地区的植物约130种,动物约90种。在《诗经》和《周礼》中载有一些动植物形态和生境以及动、植物的分布等知识。 夏、商、周时期,存在着两种截然不同的生命观。一种认为生命是天神赐予的。如《诗经·生民》:“诞降嘉种,维 (ju)维 (pi),维 (men)维 (qi)。”《商颂》也说:“天命玄鸟,降而生商。”《国语·周语》:“我姬氏出自天鼋(yuan)”,即周代的祖先也是由“天鼋”产生的。另一种认为:生物是由另一种生物变化来的。《夏小正》有“鹰则为鸠”、“田鼠化为 (ru)”等记载,认为鸠由鹰转化而来, 是田鼠变成的。这种“化生说”或“自然发生说”,一直流传于古代。西周末年,史伯在原始“五行说”的基础上提出“以土与金木水火杂,以成百物”(《国语·郑语》),认为这五种不同性质的物质的相互作用就能产生出包括生命在内的万物。稍晚,春秋时期的管仲(卒于公元前645年)及其后学则认为“水”是“万物之本原,诸生之宗室也”(《管子·水地》),水是产生万物(包括生命)的物质基础。与史伯几乎同时的伯阳父,也在原始“阴阳说”的基础上提出“气”和“阴阳”的概念,认为阴、阳二气的对立而产生自然变异现象。春秋末年,阴阳说和五行说相汇,对于人们认识生命现象,起了一定的积极作用。 鲸是海洋哺乳动物,胎生,幼仔哺乳,用肺呼吸。但它既不同于海豹等海洋哺乳动物,也不同于企鹅等用肺呼吸的海鸟,它终生在水中生活,而其他海洋哺乳动物和海鸟则一段时间在水里,一段时间在陆上生活。这种特殊的习性可能与其起源有关。 善于游泳,长于潜水是鲸和其他海洋哺乳动物的共同习性之一。鲸和海豹都是优秀的潜水员。须鲸类的游泳速度一般为每小时30公里,受惊时每小时为40公里,鳁鲸的速度最快,每小时约55公里,比万吨巨轮还要快。抹香鲸游泳速度较慢,一般为每小时10公里,最快时为25公里。鲸潜水的时间和深度也很惊人,它可潜入200~300米的深海,历时2小时之久。与海豹相比,鲸的潜水深度比不上可潜入600米的威德尔海豹,但鲸的深潜时间比海豹长得多,威德尔海豹长潜时间为70分钟,仅是鲸的一半。这种深潜与长潜的差别,可能与躯体大小不同有关,鲸是庞然大物,下潜和上浮时的动作显然没有躯体纤细结实的威德尔海豹灵活。鲸的肺活量大,它的肺可容纳15000升气体,下潜时贮存大量氧气,上浮时呼出大量二氧化碳,这是它能长潜的奥秘之一。此外,鲸和海豹的脑袋都很小,不到体重的1/1000,这可能是它们能够长潜和深潜的共同有利条件。 “喷泉式”呼吸方式,是鲸特有的生活习性。鲸在水下生活期间,紧闭鼻孔,露出水面呼吸时,鼻孔张开,凭借肺部的压力和肌肉的收缩,喷出一股白花花的水柱,并伴随一阵汽笛般的叫声。所喷水柱的高度和形状是鉴别不同鲸种的标志。据此,有经验的捕鲸者,可以迅速地判断鲸的种类及其大小和距离的远近。如蓝鲸的喷水柱垂直向上,强劲有力,上粗下细,顶部松散,如同礼花,射程高达10米以上。其他须鲸类喷水柱的高度一般为8~10米。抹香鲸的喷水柱向左前方偏转,喷射力弱,粗短而松散,高度仅3~4米。关于水柱的成因和成分,日前仍有争论,有人认为是肺中喷出的废物,也有人认为是肺中的水汽和激起的海水相结合的产物。 南大洋的鲸主要以磷虾为食,也吞食一些桡足类等甲壳类浮游动物。滤食性须鲸,从亚热带和温带迁促到南极,在南极水域饱食美餐,寻偶交配。在此期间,有些种群能积累全身脂肪量的50%。须鲸在亚热带很少吃东西,在南极积累的脂肪用来提供它一年中其他时间所需要的能量。齿鲸类的袜香鲸是以食乌贼和鱼类为主。 鲸的胃口很大,一头蓝鲸一天能吃8~10吨磷虾。蓝鲸口腔的容积达5立方米,张口时大量的磷虾和海水一起涌进,闭口时,把海水从唇须缝中挤出,滤出的磷虾一口吞下。 多数鲸类成群的习性不很显著,唯独抹香鲸有组织小家庭的习惯,其成员往往是雌鲸、幼仔和雄鲸各一头,但其周围也常有成年的雄鲸伴随,伺机而动,争夺妻妾。抹香鲸往往是一夫多妻。 鲸很多是在南极之外繁殖,一般每年一次,每胎产一仔。怀孕期一般为9~12个月,蓝鲸为12个月,抹香鲸的怀孕期长达16个月。仔鲸的生长速度很快。蓝鲸的受精卵的重量不到1毫克,小到肉眼难以辨别。幼仔出生时体长则达7~8米,体重约2~3吨,是当今世界上最大的婴儿。幼仔的哺育期为7个月,每天的哺育量为 400~500公斤。雌鲸的乳汁营养丰富,脂肪的含量达40%~50%,和海豹相似,是鲜牛奶脂肪含量的10~15倍。因此,仔鲸生长快,膘肥体胖。仔鲸在哺育期每小时可增加体重4公斤,一昼夜竟增长80~100公斤。仔鲸在断奶后,生长速度大减。蓝鲸的性成熟为4~5年,其寿命最长可达100年。须鲸的寿命一般为40~50年,最长可达100年之久。 迁徒生活是鲸的共同习性,像鱼类的回游,候鸟的迁徙一样,不过时间、季节和地点各不相同罢了。迁徙是鲸的一种本能,也是生存所迫,比如须鲸在其他海域进食很少,主要在南极海域进食,所以它必须返回南极海域。南大洋的鲸多数是从亚热带和温带迁徙来的,在每年的11月左右到达南极海域,在那里逗留100来天,于翌年二三月踏上回程。须鲸在南极海域逗留的时间最长,通常为120天以上。有的缟臂鲸可在南极海域越冬,并在亚南极区繁殖。其他多数鲸种在南极地区或在迁徙的途中寻偶、交配,在温带和亚热带繁殖后代。在南极海域很难看到正在哺乳的仔鲸。 野生动物资料 属国家一级保护动物的有:豹、雪豹(草豹)、蒙古野驴、西藏野驴、野驼骆、白唇鹿(黄鹿)、野牦牛、普氏原羚(滩黄羊)、藏羚、雉鹑、绿尾虹雉、黑鹳、中华秋沙鸭、金雕、白肩雕、玉带海雕、胡兀鹫、斑尾榛鸡、黑颈鹤、大鸨。 属国家二级保护动物的有:猕猴、豺、黑熊、棕熊、小熊猫、石貂、水獭、荒漠猫、猞猁、兔狲、金猫、马麝、林麝、马鹿(青鹿)、水鹿、黄羊、藏原羚、鹅喉羚、鬣羚(苏门羚)、斑羚、岩羊(石羊)、盘羊(大头弯羊)、血雉(柳鸡)、藏马鸡、蓝马鸡、白鹈鹕、大天鹅、疣鼻天鹅、其它鹰类、藏雪鸡、暗腹雪鸡、大鵟、猎隼(音:损)、游隼、予隼、燕隼、灰背隼、红隼、红腹锦鸡、灰鹤、蓑羽鹤、长尾林鸮、长耳鸮、雕鸮、纵纹腹鸮、鬼鸮、川陕哲罗鲑、大鲵(娃娃鱼)。
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